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Basics of Web Development: HTML, CSS, and JavaScript

sush2609ghosh
Jun 18, 20213 min read




HTML

What is HTML?

HTML is the full form of HyperText Markup Language. It is the basic web designing programming code language that is specially designed for the display of the documents and their contents on a web page. It is such a language that is guaranteed to be understood by all kinds of web browsers. HTML especially describes the structure of a Webpage. HTML basically consists of a series of elements. These elements perform the job of telling the browser about the display of the contents. On any webpage in any browser, right-click if you want to see the source code or block of HTML, you can right-click and view the page source and you see the entire HTML code. HTML is developed by WHATWG. The HTML-based webpage is treated as a static web page.


Why do we use HTML?

HTML code ensures the actual formatting of the contents of a Web Browser. Without it, a browser will not be able to know to display text as elements or to load contents.


HTML also gives you insight into what to do when you have a problem with your site. Instead of just blaming the site builder you could actually go in and fix it because you have that basic knowledge on this.


HTML dominates the document creation on the internet via tag and document object model (DOM). The revolutionary use of HTML is Internet Navigation. Using HTML, a user can very easily navigate through all web pages and the websites in between, located on various servers. Moreover just having knowledge of HTML and its actual coding implementation, will give you small openings for jobs.


Versions of HTML







A simple HTML code is shown below:

<html>

<body>

<h1>Hello Html</h1>

<p>Welcome to Html.</p>

</body>

</html>


Output:

 
 

Yes before run or execute the code we have to save the HTML file as Name.html

For example Hello.html. After saving the file it will save as a browser icon. If we double click on it it will run and output will come.


CSS

What is CSS?

CSS means Cascading Style Sheets. CSS is responsible for representing a document written in any markup language such as HTML. In other words, CSS is a style sheet language that is used to describe the looking and formatting of a document written in a markup language. With the help of CSS, you can add new looks to your old HTML document. The look of the website can also be changed. CSS is developed by World Wide Web Consortium.


Why do we use CSS?

CSS is specially designed to enable the separation of beautiful presentation of the contents which include layout, colors, and fonts. This is actually used to improve the accessibility of the contents. Moreover, it provides more flexibility and control on the specification on the presentation of the characteristics.


In an external CSS file, it is possible to change the entire website just by changing one relevant CSS file. Comparing to HTML, it provides more attributes to define the look of the website.


A simple HTML code is shown below. Here also we have to save the file as before.

For example - Hello.html

<html>

<head>

<style>

body {

background-color: lightblue;

}

h1 {

color: white;

text-align: center;

}

p {

font-family: verdana;

font-size: 20px;

}

</style>

</head>

<body>

<h1>My First CSS Example</h1>

<p>This is a paragraph.</p>

</body>

</html>


Output:

 
 

JS

What is JS?

JS is Java Script. It is used along with HTML to make a Dynamic web page or DHTML (Dynamic HTML). Sir Brendan Eich first invented JS. Though Java and JavaScript seem that both are developed from the same organization but the truth is different. Java is a High-Level programming language designed by Sun Microsystems. JS is also a High-Level programming language but it is a scripting language. Where java is not a scripting language.

After the first invention of JS, there are so many modifications to it. Later, JS was modified by ECMAScript standard. JS is also called ECMAScript language.

Since then, JavaScript is the world's most popular scripting programming language.


Why do we use JavaScript?

Java Script is used to make a webpage dynamic. It is also used to add special effects on web pages. Its main use by the web pages is to validate. Moreover, it supports external applications. It also has the ability to load contents in a document as per requirement.

There are so many features of JS, stated as below.

  1. It provides the facility to create presentations like a website.

  2. Java Script is used for creating games.

  3. Java Script uses HTML5 to draw graphics on a webpage.

  4. Java Script is mainly used in Apple and Android mobile phones for creating applications of two different languages.

The versions of JS

  1. The Original JavaScript ES1 ES2 ES3 (1997-1999)

  2. The First Main Revision ES5 (2009)

  3. The Second Revision ES6 (2015)

  4. Yearly Additions (2016, 2017, 2018)

A simple example of JS is shown below. Though by any name user can save, the name we are using here same.


Hello.java

<html>

<body>

<h2>Hello java Script?</h2>

<p id="demo">Welcome to JavaScript.</p>

<button type="button" onclick='document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = "Hello you clicked me"'>Click Me!</button>

</body>

</html>


Output:

 
 


 
 
 

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Internship

​

An internship is a temporary job role offered to students for professional learning experience which offers meaningful, practical work related experience to students’ fields or career interests.

An internship offers a student opportunity for career exploration, increase in experience, development in career front and learning new skills.

 

Benefits of Doing Internship

Doing an internship is very much beneficial for a student’s career front.

  1. Job Experience

In recent times, job listing often requires minimum job experience. If a student entering a workforce for the first time, he/she may not have such experience. An internship is a perfect way to fill up that gap. A valuable exposure to a company will give a first hand experience where a student can take part in meetings and perform assigned works.

  1. Research Experience

In the scientific fields, an internship may offer a student to assist with research in a laboratory. A student can find out his/her skills that had been learnt in the academic years in practical settings and can contribute to the research. Many permanent research jobs require such kind of post education training. Moreover, this kind of internship also helps in deciding what kind of laboratory is preferable and favourable for a student.

  1. Access to a variety of tasks and departments

An internship always enables exposure to people of various departments and jobs. From helping a senior management to sit for meetings, internship offers a student to observe daily functions in an office. Thus, it helps a student to decide what kind of job would be preferable.

  1. Mentorship

The most valuable mentor relationship begins with a personal connection which enhances the experience of both mentor and mentee. Being an intern may allow to meet a potential mentor naturally and develop a good relationship that actually offers proper guidance in career path.

  1. Create professional network

Internship is a practical way for the expansion of job network. The professionals met during internship might turn into most valuable connection that will show interest, enthusiasm and willingness for recruitments.

  1. Better Resume

The valuable job experiences enable to fill the resume with honesty and specificity. Not only the experiences of the duties and projects of the internship are added, but also the objective of seeking a permanent position can be more clearly described.

  1. Securing good recommendations and references

The supervisors or mentors of an internship can be valuable references for an intern while pursuing a full time job. Pro-activeness, Positive mind and hard work will pay for open positions.

  1. Transition to a permanent job

Positive experiences acquired from an internship might help in getting hired for a permanent position in a company.

  1. Preliminary employment training

Internship acts as preliminary employment training and HR personnel or the manager can observe an intern in various situations to determine if the intern may be a valuable addition to the team.

  1. Build Confidence

Taking on an internship helps an intern to learn about the work environment. Moreover, one can have a much clearer idea of his/her strengths, weaknesses, likes and dislikes. Most importantly, an intern can have hands-on experience which gives far more confidence when it comes to job seeking and interviews.

Conclusion

 

To sum up, internships always play a very important role in shaping one’s career. They give a real exposure to working environments and help to develop the necessary skills required to stand out in a saturated job market.

Thus whether the internship is paid or non-paid don’t worry about that. Your professional experience (essential for fresher job seeker) and growth will be count from the first day of internship.

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